The importance of parental attitudes for locus of control among adolescents

Magdalena Chęć, Karolina Rachubińska, Krystian Konieczny

Abstract


Introduction: The process of personality formation is closely related to the period of adolescence. One of the dimensions of personality – locus of control (LOC) can be defined as a person’s beliefs about the locus of reinforcement control. Considering that the locus of control is formed as a result of social learning, the adolescent’s perception of the relationship between his own behavior and its consequences may depend largely on his parents’ attitudes toward him.
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between parental attitudes and adolescents’ locus of control.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted among 386 students aged 13–16 years (M = 14.87): 208 girls and 178 boys were included. The research instruments used in the study were the Parental Attitude Scale (SPR-2) by M. Plopa and the Sense of Control Questionnaire – revised version (KBPK-R) by Krasowicz-Kupis and Wojnarska.
Results: According to the results of the study, parental attitudes are related to both the general level of locus of control in adolescents and the locus of control in a situation of success and failure.
Conclusions: The results of the study underscore the importance of parental attitudes and the role of parents in shaping adolescent personality. Research suggests that parental attitudes may be both a risk factor and a protective factor in the development of adolescent psychopathology.

Keywords


parent-child relationship; adolescent development; adolescent well-being; locus of control; internal-external control

Full Text:

PDF

References


Sawyer SM, Azzopardi PS, Wickremarathne PS, Patton GC. The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2018;2(3):223-8.

Czerwinska-Jasiewicz M. Psychologia rozwoju młodzieży w kontekście biegu ludzkiego życia. Warszawa: Difin; 2015.

Sabaj-Sidur M. Nadzieja na sukces i samoocena młodzieży a spostrzeganie postaw rodziców. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL; 2018.

Livesey CMW, Rostain AL. Involving parents/family in treatment during the transition from late adoles-cence to young adulthood: rationale, strategies, ethics, and legal issues. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2017;26(2):199-216.

Jackiewicz M, Białecka-Pikul M. Kompetencja rodzicielska. Użyteczny konstrukt w badaniach nad rolą rodzicielskich oddziaływań w rozwoju dziecka. Psychol Rozw 2019;24(1):9-28.

Fadlillah M, Fauziah S. Analysis of Diana Baumrind’s parenting style on early childhood development. A-ISHLAH: J Pendidik 2022;14(2):2127-34.

McKinney C, Renk K. Differential parenting between mothers and fathers: implications for late adolescents J Fam Issues 2008;29(6):806-27.

Power TG. Parenting dimensions and styles: a brief history and recommendations for future research. Child Obes 2013;9(s1):14-21.

Plopa M. Rodzice a młodzież. Teoria i metoda badania. Warszawa: Vizja Press & IT; 2012.

Vafaeenejad Z, Elyasi F, Moosazadeh M, Shahhosseini Z. Psychological factors contributing to parenting styles: a systematic review. F1000 Res 2019;7:906.

Elstad JI, Stefansen K. Social variations in perceived parenting styles among Norwegian adolescents. Child Indic Res 2014;7(3):649-70.

Liberska H, Matuszewska M. Rodzinne uwarunkowania zachowań agresywnych u młodzieży. Rocz Soc Rodz 2007;18:187-200.

Aunola K, Stattin H, Nurmi JE. Parenting styles and adolescents’ achievement strategies. J Adolesc 2000;23(2):205-22.

Bronte-Tinkew J, Moore KA, Carrano J. The father-child relationship, parenting styles, and adolescent risk behaviors in intact families. J Fam Issues 2006;27(6):850-81.

Hutz CS, Bardagi MP. Vocational indecision, anxiety and depression in adolescence: the influence of parent-ing styles. PsicoUSF 2006;11(1):65-73.

Rhee KE, Lumeng JC, Appugliese DP, Kaciroti N, Bradley RH. Parenting styles and overweight status in first grade. Pediatrics 2006;117(6):2047-54.

Sharma Y, Somani N, Acharya C. Locus of control as a predictor of self-esteem and academic achievement in school going adolescents. Indian J Health Wellbeing 2017;8(10):1118-20.

Garcia OF, Serra E. Raising Children with poor school performance: parenting styles and short- and long-term consequences for adolescent and adult development. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019;16(7):1089.

Iram Rizvi SF, Najam N. Emotional and behavioral problems associated with parenting styles in Pa-kistani adolescents. VFAST Trans Educ Soc Sci 2015;8(2):06-13.

Pinquart M, Kauser R. Do the associations of parenting styles with behavior problems and academic achievement vary by culture? Results from a meta-analysis. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2018;24(1):75-100.

Krasowicz-Kupis G, Wojnarska A. Kwestionariusz do badania poczucia kontroli – wersja zrewidowa-na KBPK-R. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego; 2017.

Rotter JB. Social learning and clinical psychology. Eastford, CT: Martino Fine Books; 2017.

Rotter JB. Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. German-town, NY: Periodicals Service Company; 2007.

Jastrzębski J, Baranowska M. Rola postaw rodzicielskich w kształtowaniu się poczucia kontroli u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. Fides Ratio 2015;1(21):63-79.

Carton JS, Ries M, Nowicki S Jr. Parental antecedents of locus of control of reinforcement: a qualita-tive review. Front Psychol 2021;12:565883.

Chuchra M, Drzazga K, Pawłowska B. Postawy rodzicielskie a poczucie kontroli w percepcji dziew-cząt z anoreksją. Psychiatr Pol 2006; 40(4):731-42.

Ahlin EM, Lobo Antunes MJ. Locus of control orientation: parents, peers, and place. J Youth Adolesc 2015;44(9):1803-18.

Judge TA, Bono JE. Relationship of core self-evaluations traits – self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability – with job satisfaction and job performance: a meta-analysis. J Appl Psychol 2001;86(1):80-92.

Cazan AM. Exploring the relationship between adolescent resilience, self-perception and Locus of Control. Rom J Exp App Psychol 2016;7(1):283-6.

Baron JD, Cobb-Clark DA. Are young people’s educational outcomes linked to their sense of control? SSRN Electronic J 2010. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1594792.

Filipiak S, Łubianka B. Locus of control in situations of successes and failures and personality traits in young athletes practicing team sports. Health Psychol Rep 2020;8(1):47-58.

Backenstrass M, Schwarz T, Fiedler P, Joest K, Reck C, Mundt C, et al. Negative mood regulation ex-pectancies, self-efficacy beliefs, and locus of control orientation: moderators or mediators of change in the treatment of depression? Psychother Res 2006;16(2):250-8.

Bucciol A, Trucchi S. Locus of control and saving: The role of saving motives. J Econ Psychol 2021;86:102413.

Kee TTS. A Cultural interpretation of locus of control, family and school experiences, and school tru-ancy – The case of Hong Kong. Int J Adolesc Youth 2005;12(4):325-49.

Schall J, Wallace TL, Chhuon V. “Fitting in” in high school: How adolescent belonging is influenced by locus of control beliefs. Int J Adolesc Youth 2016;21(4):462-75.

Mercer CD, Snell ME. Learning theory research in mental retardation: implications for teaching. Co-lumbus, OH: Merrill; 1977.

Nowicki S, Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S, Ellis G, Golding J. Stability of, and associations between, parent and child locus of control expectancies. Front Psychol 2018;9:2018.

Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling 1999;6(1):1-55.

Yaffe Y. Establishing specific links between parenting styles and the s-anxieties in children: separa-tion, social, and school. J Fam Issues 2017;39(5):1419-37.

Lee SM, Daniels MH, Kissinger DB. Parental influences on adolescent adjustment: Parenting styles versus parenting practices. Fam J 2006;14(3):253-9.

Georgiou SN, Ioannou M, Stavrinides P. Parenting styles and bullying at school: The mediating role of locus of control. Int J Sch Educ Psychol 2016;5(4):226-42.

Jankowska M. Postawy rodzicielskie a inteligencja emocjonalna u młodych dorosłych do 26 roku życia. Fides Ratio 2019;37(1):50-82.

Raboteg-Saric Z, Sakic M. Relations of parenting styles and friendship quality to self-esteem, life sat-isfaction and happiness in adolescents. Appl Res Qual Life 2014;9(3):749-65.

Samujło MA, Sokołowska-Dzioba T. Postawy rodziców a otwartość w zachowaniach uczniów. Lub Rocz Pedag 2018;37(4):79-91.

Vyas K, Bano S. Child’s gender and parenting styles. Delhi Psychiatry J 2016;19(2):289-93.

Supple AJ, Small SA. The influence of parental support, knowledge, and authoritative parenting on Hmong and European American adolescent development. J Fam Issues 2006;27(9):1214-32.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21164/pomjlifesci.958

Copyright (c) 2024 Magdalena Chęć, Karolina Rachubińska, Krystian Konieczny

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/pl/