Diet of teenagers with ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and coeliac disease versus their blood morphology

Małgorzata Szczuko, Nina Konecka, Justyna Kikut, Weronika Klimczyk

Abstract


Introduction: Patients with chronic intestinal diseases suffer from nutrient deficiency.

The aim of the study was to show the differences in the diet and nutrient supply, as well as to demonstrate the need for supplementation in the group of adolescents.

Materials and methods: The study group comprised 26 people. Subgroups formed by subjects suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) and coeliac disease comprised 8, 8 and 10 people, respectively. Both sexes were equally represented in groups. The age of patients was 15.57 ±2.50, 15.75 ±1.75, 14.8 ±1.99 years, respectively.

Dietary intake was assessed on the basis of a 24-hour dietary recall entered in the dietary software Dieta 5d recommended by National Food and Nutrition Institute. Obtained results were compared to current nutritional standards. The measurements of body mass, height and blood morphology were used to assess the differences in nutritional status. The data were subjected to statistical analysis with Statistica 12 using T-test for the samples independent from the groups.

Results: Energy intake in all analysed groups was insufficient. The group of patients suffering from coeliac disease consumed the fewest calories. The largest statistically significant differences were shown between coeliac disease and UC. They related to the lower total intake of protein and all amino acids except lysine. In the same group we determined a significantly lower consumption of vitamins E, C, pyridoxine, thiamine and folic acid, as well as almost all mineral compounds. Additionally, a lower intake of essential fatty acids, starch and dietary fibre was noted in patients with coeliac disease, as compared to CD and UC. The fewest statistically significant differences were shown among the patients suffering from CD and UC. The consumption of calcium in all analysed groups was insufficient to cover daily demand. Statistical analysis of blood morphology results revealed significant differences in the number of monocytes in patients with CD and UC. Among those suffering from CD and coeliac disease the statistically significant difference referred to RDW-CV, whereas among the patients with UC and coeliac disease the difference related to erythrocytes, haematocrit and MCV.

Conclusions: The assessment of the diet and blood morphology revealed that all tested groups are prone to malnutrition. The caloric load of the diet of people suffering from coeliac disease can be increased through the addition of starch from gluten-free sources. Supplementation with calcium and vitamin D should be introduced in all groups at the same level. Additionally, due to insufficient supply with the diet, the supplementation of potassium, magnesium and folacin should be considered, especially in coeliac disease and CD groups. In the case of coeliac disease, the supplementation should also include vitamin E, zinc, iron and iodine. The intake of dietary fibre in coeliac disease may be insufficient. The reduction in the number of erythrocytes and haematocrit can suggest the occurrence of UC. Lower values for platelets, especially RDW-CV (%), can increase the risk of coeliac disease. The increase in monocytes may be characteristic for CD.


Keywords


wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego; choroba Leśniowskiego–Crohna; celiakia; stan odżywienia; sposób żywienia; młodzież

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21164/pomjlifesci.334

Copyright (c) 2017 Małgorzata Szczuko, Nina Konecka, Justyna Kikut, Weronika Klimczyk

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/pl/