The impact of a low-carbohydrate diet on human health

Martyna Zielińska, Jadwiga Buczkowska-Radlińska

Abstract


ABSTRACT

The low carbohydrate diet is the most controversial eating model of the last few years. It reverses the well known food pyramid based on carbohydrates. Instead, it recommends eating a lot of fats, including from animal sources. Recommended by many dieticians and doctors, but denied and underestimated by others, it has became quite a mystery. This way of eating has accompanied human kind from its beginnings. Unfortunately, along with the development of civilization and the introduction of 

processed, tasty, carbohydrate-stuffed foods, it lost its popularity. There are many reports that prove the positive effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on human health.

The goal of this paper was to gather all available data known about the impact of a low-carbohydrate diet on human general and oral health and the condition of the teeth.


Keywords


ketogenic diet; carbohydrate-restricted diet; paleolithic diet

Full Text:

PDF (Język Polski)

References


Hujoel P. Dietary carbohydrates and dental-systemic diseases. J Dent Res 2009;88(6):490-502. doi: 10.1177/0022034509337700.

Westman CE, Feinman DR, Mavropoulos CJ. Low-carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86(2):276-84.

Murray RK, Granner KD, Rodwell WV. Biochemia Harpera. Warszawa: PZWL; 2015.

Last AR, Wilson SA. Low-carbohydrate diets. Am Fam Phys 2006;73(11):1943-8.

Crowe CT. Safety of low-carbohydrate diets. Obes Rev 2005;6(3):235-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00196.x

Kargulewicz A. Dieta ketogeniczna – zastosowanie w praktyce klinicznej. Food Forum 2016;2(12):80-4.

Jarosz M, Bułhak-Jachymczyk B. Normy żywienia człowieka. Podstawy prewencji otyłości i chorób niezakaźnych. Warszawa: PZWL; 2008.

Banting W. Letter on corpulence. Addressed to the public. London; 1864.

Atkins RC. Atkins new diet revolution. New York: Avon Books; 2002.

Ople HL. Lifestyle and diet. Cardiovasc J Afr 2014;25(6):298-301. doi: 10.5830/CVJA-2014-063.

Eades MR, Eades MD. Protein power. New York: Bantam Books; 1996.

Frassetto LA, Schloetter M, Mietus-Synder M, Morris Jr RC, Sebastian A. Metabolic and physiologic improvements from consuming a paleolithic, hunter-gatherer type diet. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009;63(2):947-55. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.4.

Spreadbury I. Comparison with ancestral diets suggests dense acellular carbohydrates promote an inflammatory microbiota, and may be the primary dietary cause of leptin resistance and obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2012;5:175-89. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S33473.

Gadgil DM, Appel JL, Yeung E, Anderson CA, Sacks FM, Miller ER. The effects of carbohydrate, unsaturated fat, and protein intake on measures of insulin sensitivity.

Diabetes Care 2013;36(5):1132-7. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0869.

Feinman DR, Pogozelski WK, Astrup A, Bernstein KR, Fine EJ, Westman CE, et al. Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: critical review and evidence base.

Nutrition 2015;31(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.06.011.

Denke AM. Metabolic effects of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets. Am J Cardiol 2001;88(1):59-61.

Yang MU, Van Itallie TB. Composition of weight lost during short-term weight reduction. Metabolic responses of obese subjects to starvation and low-calorie ketogenic and nonketogenic diets. J Clin Invest 1976;58(3):722-30. doi: 10.1172/JCI108519.

Foster DG, Wyatt RH, Hill OJ, McGuckin BG, Brill C, Mohammed BS, et al. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med 2003;348(21):82-90. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa022207.

Nettleton AJ, Jebb S, Riserus U, Koletzko B, Fleming J. Role of dietary fats in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Ann Nutr Metab 2014;64(2):167-78. doi: 10.1159/000363510.

Sackner-Bernstein J, Kanter D, Kaul S. Dietary intervention for overweight and obese adults: comparison of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets. A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015;10(10):e0139817. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139817.

Naude EC, Schoonees A, Senekal M, Young T, Garner P, Volmink J. Low carbohydrate versus isoenergetic balanced diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014;9(7):e100652.

Bazzano AL, Hu T, Reynolds K, Yao L, Liu Y, Chen CS, et al. Effects of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2014;161(5):309-18. doi: 10.7326/M14-0180.

Scholl J. Traditional dietary recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: do they meet the needs of our patients? Cholesterol 2012;2012:367898. doi: 10.1155/2012/367898.

Jovanovski E, Zurbau A, Vuksan V. Carbohydrates and endothelial function: is a low-carbohydrate diet or low-glycemic index diet favourable for vascular health? Clin Nutr Res 2015;4(2):69-75. doi: 10.7762/cnr.2015.4.2.69.

Hu T, Bazzano AL. The low-carbohydrate diet and cardiovascular risk factors: Evidence from epidemiologic studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014;24(4):337-43. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.12.008.

Ruth RM, Port MA, Shah M, Bourland AC, Istfan NW, Nelson KP, et al. Consuming a hypocaloric high fat low carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks lowers C-reactive protein and raises serum adiponectin and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in obese subjects. Metabolism 2013;62(12):1779-87. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.07.006.

Shaafi S, Mahmoudi J, Pashapour A, Farhoudi M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Akbari H. Ketogenic diet provides neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke neuronal damages. Adv Pharm Bull 2014;4(2):479-81. doi: 10.5681/apb.2014.071.

Auvin S. Non-pharmacological medical treatment in pediatric epilepsies. Rev Neurol 2016;172(3):182-5. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.12.009.

Amari A, Turner Z, Rubenstein JE, Miller JR, Kossoff EH. Exploring the relationship between preferences for high fat foods and efficacy of the ketogenic and modified Atkins diets among children with seizure disorders. Seizure 2015;25:173-7. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2014.11.001.

Allen BG, Bhatia SK, Anderson CM, Eichenberger-Gilmore JM, Sibenaller ZA, Mapuskar KA, et al. Ketogenic diets as an adjuvant cancer therapy: History and potential mechanism. Redox Biol 2014;2:963-70. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.08.002.

Klement RJ. Restricting carbohydrates to fight head and neck cancer – is this realistic? Cancer Biol Med 2014;11(3):145-161. doi: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2014.03.001.

Klement RJ, Sweeney RA. Impact of a ketogenic diet intervention during radiotherapy on body composition: I. Initial clinical experience with six prospectively studied patients. BMC Res Notes 2016;9:143. doi: 10.1186/s13104-016-1959-9.

Schmidt M, Pfetzer N, Schwab M, Strauss I, Kämmerer U. Effects of a ketogenic diet on the quality of life in 16 patients with advanced cancer: a pilot trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011;8(1):54. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-54.

Jurczak A, Olczak-Kowalczyk D, Bąk E, Kościelniak D, Gregorczyk-Maga I, Papież M, et al. Próchnica zębów – od czasów starożytnych do współczesności. Nowa Stomatol 2014;4:183-8.

Kaidonis J, Townsend G. The ‘sialo-microbal-dental complex’ in oral health and disease. Ann Anat 2015;203:85-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.02.002.

Adler CJ, Dobney K, Weyrich LS, Kaidonis J, Walker AW, Haak W, et al. Sequencing ancient calcified dental plaque shows changes in oral microbiota with dietary shifts of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions. Nat Genet 2013;45(4):450-5. doi: 10.1038/ng.2536.

Jańczuk Z. Stomatologia zachowawcza. Zarys kliniczny. Warszawa: PZWL; 2008.

Cadotte M, Dinnage R, Tilman GD. Phylogenetic diversity promotes ecosystem stability. Ecology 2012;93(8):223-33.

Petchey O, Gaston K. Effects on ecosystem resilience of biodiversity, extinctions, and the structure of regional species pools. Theor Ecol 2009;2(3):177-87.

Price WA. Nutrition and physical degeneration. A comparison of primitive and modern diets and their effects. New York–London: Medical Book Department of Harper & Brothers; 1939.

Baumgartner S, Imfeld T, Schicht O, Rath O, Persson RE, Persson GR. The impact of the stone age diet on gingival conditions in the absence of oral hygiene. J Periodontol 2009;80(5):759-68.

Al-Ahmad A, Roth D, Wolkewitz M, Wiedmann-Al-Ahmad M, Follo M, Ratka-Kruger P, et al. Change in diet and oral hygiene over an 8-week period: effect on oral health and oral biofilm. Clin Oral Investigation 2010;14:391-6. Źródła energii w diecie ketogenicznej [2]




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21164/pomjlifesci.330

Copyright (c) 2017 Martyna Zielińska, Jadwiga Buczkowska-Radlińska

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/pl/