Stigmatization of patients with obesity in the healthcare system: a study of discrimination by medical staff

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease with a complex etiology, leading to excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. Its treatment is challenging, and the absence of effective therapy results in complications that place a significant burden on the healthcare system. The stigmatization of obesity is rooted in misconceptions, biases, and stereotypes, which hinder weight reduction efforts and contribute to negative psychological, health-related, and social outcomes. 
The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of stigmatization and discrimination against patients with obesity by healthcare personnel. 
Materials and methods: The study was conducted using a questionnaire consisting of demographic questions and items assessing attitudes toward obesity and experiences with the stigmatization of obese patients. The survey was carried out among 148 employees of medical facilities located in the Silesian Voivodeship. The collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. 
Results: Most respondents reported neutral emotions toward obese patients. Nearly half had witnessed situations in which an obese patient was subjected to discriminatory behavior, although respondents did not perceive such incidents as widespread. Despite existing biases, the vast majority of healthcare personnel expressed a willingness to collaborate with patients with excessive body weight. 
Conclusions: The study revealed the presence of certain biases toward patients with obesity. A better understanding of these prejudices and misconceptions may contribute to improved quality of care, which is essential for the effective treatment of excessive body weight.