Woman on the autism spectrum – challenges and expectations of perinatal care. A qualitative study

Małgorzata Stefaniak, Aleksandra Celuch, Barbara Mazurkiewicz

Abstract


Introduction: The way individuals perceive the world and interact socially has a profound influence on their daily functioning. For neurodivergent individuals, including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), atypical cognitive and behavioural patterns affect communication, self-expression, and social engagement. The number of ASD diagnoses is rising, in part due to broader diagnostic criteria and increased awareness. Women on the spectrum often remain undiagnosed until adulthood, limiting access to early support. This delayed recognition can become particularly significant during critical life stages, such as pregnancy and childbirth, where unique challenges arise. Autistic women may experience heightened sensory sensitivity, difficulty in communicating their needs, and increased vulnerability in medical settings. Despite this, research on their perinatal experiences remains scarce.

Method: A case study was prepared based on the history of a patient diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Information was obtained using in-depth interview techniques with the patient, conducted on October 16, 2023. The interview lasted 46 minutes, was recorded, and then transcribed verbatim. Data from the interview were interpreted using descriptive analysis.

Results: The study showed dissatisfaction with the quality of perinatal care, including the approach of medical staff and their preparation, failing to meet specific functional needs. The results also highlighted ways to improve the quality of care and identified aspects of healthcare services for patients on the autism spectrum to which medical staff should pay particular attention.

Conclusions: Detailed standards and procedures for perinatal care for women on the autism spectrum should be developed and integrated into clinical practice in Poland, grounded in research on these women's experiences. Healthcare personnel training and stance should also be changed to meet the needs of mothers.

 


Keywords


utism; neurodiversity; perinatal care; childbirth; midwife

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21164/pomjlifesci.1150

Copyright (c) 2025 Małgorzata Stefaniak, Aleksandra Celuch, Barbara Mazurkiewicz

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