Assessment of antimicrobial efficacy in selected antibacterial cosmetics

Krzysztof Skowron, Anna Budzyńska, Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke, Wiktoria Warzonkoska, Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska, Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda

Abstract


Introduction: Many microorganisms present on human skin can cause various diseases. One preventive measure is the use of cosmetics with antibacterial properties. These include everyday body care products and specialized ones designed to limit bacterial growth. This study aims to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of various cosmetics against selected bacteria and yeasts naturally found on the skin.
Materials and methods: The study used clinical strains of: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Candida albicans, and reference strains of: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606. Five commercially available antibacterial cosmetics were tested. Effectiveness was assessed by the reduction in bacterial numbers, expressed as log colony-forming units (CFU)×cm-3, and the size of the growth inhibition zone, expressed in mm.
Results: Our research found that the highest antibacterial efficacy was achieved by the face gel and antiperspirant. The gel caused an average reduction in bacterial numbers by 4.73 log CFU×cm-3. The mattifying powder and creams were less effective. In the disc-diffusion method, the antiperspirant most frequently showed the largest inhibition zone, while the regenerating cream showed the smallest.
Conclusion: The use of antibacterial cosmetics limits the growth of microorganisms, which is crucial for maintaining body hygiene and alleviating symptoms of skin diseases.

Keywords


antibacterial cosmetics; skin pathogens; skin diseases; disc-diffusion method; quantitative method

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adamczyk K, Garncarczyk A, Antończak P. The microbiome of the skin. Dermatol Rev 2019;105(2):285-97. doi: 10.5114/dr.2018.75584.

Skowron K, Bauza-Kaszewska J, Kraszewska Z, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Grudlewska-Buda K, Kwiecińska-Piróg J, et al. Human skin microbiome: impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on skin microbiota. Microorganisms 2021;9(3):543. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030543.

Chen YE, Fischbach MA, Belkaid Y. Skin microbiota-host interactions. Nature 2018;553(7689):427-36. doi: 10.1038/nature25177.

Rynek kosmetyczny w Polsce i na świecie. Blog Arvato Polska. https://blog.arvato.pl/rynek-kosmetyczny-w-polsce-charakterystyka/ (13.11.2023).

Halla N, Fernandes IP, Heleno SA, Costa P, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Boucherit K, et al. Cosmetics preservation: a review on present strategies. Molecules 2018;23(7):1571. doi: 10.3390/molecules23071571.

Hashemi A, Shams S, Kalantar D, Taherpour A, Barati M. Antibacterial effect of methanolic extract of Camellia Sinensis L. on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains producing β-lactamases. J GorganUni Med Sci 2012;14(1):136-42.

Yadav E, Kumar S, Mahant S, Khatkar S, Rao R. Tea tree oil: a promising essential oil. J Essent Oil Res 2017;29(3):201-13. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2016.1232665.

Rajeshnidhi KR, Mahesh R. Antibacterial activity of tea tree oil against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2019;10(6):1422-4.

Espitia PJ, Soares NF, Coimbra JS, Cruz RS, Medeiros EA. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, antimicrobial activity and food packaging applications. Food Bioprocess Technol 2012;5(5):1447-64. doi: 10.1007/s11947--012-0797-6.

Ishidoriya K, Sawai J. Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide powder against human skin-normal bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus. Trans Mater 2011;36(3):527-30. doi: 10.14723/tmrsj.36.527.

Mirhosseini M, Firouzabadi FB. Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticle suspensions on food-borne pathogens. Int J Dairy Technol 2013;66(2):291-5. doi: 10.1111/1471-0307.12015.

Benhalima L, Amri S, Bensouilah M, Ouzrout R. Antibacterial effect of copper sulfate against multi-drug resistant nosocomial pathogens isolated from clinical samples. Pak J Med Sci 2019;35(5):1322-28. doi: 10.12669/pjms.35.5.336.

Bouslimani A, da Silva R, Kosciolek T, Janssen S, Callewaert C, Amir A, et al. The impact of skin care products on skin chemistry and microbiome dynamics. BMC Biology 2019;17(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s12915-019-0660-6.

Majdani R. A study on antibacterial effect of nanosilver colloidal solution against Escherichia coli isolates from human and poultry in North-West of Iran. Iran J Microbiol 2016;10(4):25-33.

Bojarowicz H, Fronczak P, Krysiński J. Czy kosmetyki mogą nie zawierać konserwantów? Hygeia Public Health 2018;53(2):124-31.

Celleno L, Mastropietro F, Tolaini MV, Pigatto PD. Clinical evaluation of an antiperspirant for hyperhidrosis. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2019;154(3):338-41. doi: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.05986-2.

Draelos ZD. Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and procedures. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2016.

Swaile DF, Elstun LT, Benzing KW. Clinical studies of sweat rate reduction by an over-the-counter soft-solid antiperspirant and comparison with a prescription antiperspirant product in male panelists. Br J Dermatol 2012;166 Suppl:22-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10786.x.

Sentila R, Gandhimathi A, Karthika S, Suryalakshmi R, Michael A. In vitro evaluation and comparison of the anti-microbial potency commercially available oral hygiene products against Streptococcus mutans. Indian J Med Sci 2011;65(6):250-9.

Jobim Jardim J, Severo Alves L, Maltz M. The history and global market of oral home-care products. Brasil Oral Res 2009;23 Suppl:17-22. doi: 10.1590/s1806-83242009000500004.

The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 11.0, 2021. http://www.eucast.org (10.09.2021).

R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2023. https://www.R-project.org/ (8.02.2024).

Mwambete KD, Simon A. Microbiological quality and preservative capacity of commonly available cosmetics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. East Central African J Pharmaceutical Sci 2010;13:3-11.

Chen MX, Alexander KS, Baki G. Formulation and evaluation of antibacterial creams and gels containing metal ions for topical application. J Pharm (Cairo) 2016;2016:5754349. doi: 10.1155/2016/5754349.

Calixto G, Veieira D, Fiúza T, Salgado H, Chorilli M. Antibacterial activity of gels with pomegranate, apricot and green tea glycolic extract. J Appl Pharm Sci 2012;2(12):13-6. doi: 10.7324/JAPS.2012.21203.

Sharma A, Gupta S, Sarethy IP, Dang S, Gabrani R. Green tea extract: possible mechanism and antibacterial activity on skin pathogens. Food Chem 2012;135(2):672-5. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.143.

Hölzle E, Neubert U. Antimicrobial effects of an antiperspirant formulation containing aqueous aluminum chloride hexahydrate. Arch Dermatol 1982;272(3-4):321-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00509063.

Bnyan IA, Alta’ee AH, Hassan NH. Antibacterial activity of aluminum potassium sulfate and syzygium aromaticum extract against pathogenic microorganisms. J Nat Sci Res 2014;4(15):11-4.

Al-Talib H, Nasir NI, Yaziz H, Zulkafli NF, Adani NA, Rashidi AI, et al. Potassium aluminium sulphate (alum) inhibits growth of human axillary malodor-producing skin flora in vitro. Int J Health Sci 2016;1(1):59-63. doi: 10.24191/jchs.v1i1.5854.

El-Desoukey RMA, Al-Qahtani AM, Alqhtani MA, Alotaibi NN, Almotawa GS, et al. Comparative antimicrobial studies between commercial deodorants, alum, sodium bicarbonate and lemon against sweat odor bacteria. Cohesiv J Microbiol Infect Dis 2021;4(5):1-5. doi: 10.31031/CJMI.2021.04.000597.

Ermenlieva N, Georgieva E, Milev M. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of antiperspirant cosmetic products. J IMAB 2020;26(4):3374-7. doi: 10.5272/jimab.2020264.3374.

Pasquet J, Chevalier Y, Couval E, Bouvier D, Noizet G, Morlière C, et al. Antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide particles on five microorganisms of the challenge tests related to their physicochemical properties. Int J Pharm 2014;460(1-2):92-100. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.10.031.

Herman A, Herman AP, Domagalska BW, Młynarczyk A. Essential oils and herbal extracts as antimicrobial agents in cosmetic emulsion. Indian J Microbiol 2013;53(2):232-7. doi: 10.1007/s12088-012-0329-0.

Yen T, Boord MJ, Ghubash R, Blondeau JM. A pilot study investigating the in vitro efficacy of sucralfate against common veterinary cutaneous pathogens. J Small Anim Pract 2018;59(11):691-4. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12902.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21164/pomjlifesci.1087

Copyright (c) 2024 Krzysztof Skowron, Anna Budzyńska, Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke, Wiktoria Warzonkoska, Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska, Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/pl/