Alkalizing properties of selected calcium-silicate root canal sealers. An in vitro study

Przemysław Reszka, Łukasz Kucharski, Adam Klimowicz, Mariusz Lipski

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the pH values of selected calcium-silicate root canal sealers in comparison with AH Plus resin-based root canal sealer.

Materials and methods: Six root canal sealers were included in this study: BioRoot RCS (Septodont, France), GuttaFlow bioseal (Coltėne/Whaledent, Switzerland), MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Brazil), Total Fill BC Sealer (FKG, Switzerland), Well-Root ST (Vericom, Korea) and AH Plus (Dentsply, DeTrey, Germany). Materials samples (n = 6) were placed in dishes and immersed in 10 mL of distilled water (pH = 6.8). After 1, 3, 24, 48, 72, 168, 336 and 504 hrs, water pH was determined with a pH meter calibrated with a solution of known pH. Data were statistically analyzed using Student-t test (p < 0.05).

Results: There were differences in the water pH between the materials tested. The highest water pHs were exhibited by Total Fill BC Sealer, Well-Root ST and BioRoot RCS (pH ~12), followed by GuttaFlow bioseal (pH ~10.5) and MTA Fillapex (pH ~9). The lowest pH was shown by AH Plus (pH ~8).

Conclusions: All calcium-silicate root canal sealers studied are able to elevate the pH level, which could have biological and antimicrobial effects. The AH Plus root canal sealer has poor alkalizing properties.


Keywords


root canal filling material; silicates; epoxy resins; materials testing

Full Text:

PDF (Język Polski)

References


Ørstavik D. Materials used for root canal obturation: technical, biological and clinical testing. Endod Topics 2005;12(1):25-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2005.00197.x.

Lipski M. Gutaperka jako materiał do wypełniania kanałów korzeniowych. Mag Stomatol 2003;13(7-8):21-4.

Gatewood RS. Endodontic materials. Dent Clin North Am 2007;51(3):695-712. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2007.04.005.

Olczak K, Pawlicka H. Historia i biologia gutaperki – przegląd piśmiennictwa. Dent Med Probl 2010;47(1):101-5.

Kasam S, Mariswamy AB. Efficacy of different methods for removing root canal filling material in retreatment – An in-vitro study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016;10(6):ZC06-10. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/17395.7904.

Colaco AS, Pai VA. Comparative evaluation of the efficiency of manual and rotary gutta-percha removal techniques. J Endod 2015;41(11):1871-4. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.07.012.

Barborka BJ, Woodmansey KF, Glickman GN, Schneiderman E, He J. Long-term clinical outcome of teeth obturated with resilon. J Endod 2017;43(4):556-60. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.12.005.

Markowitz K, Moynihan M, Liu M, Kim S. Biologic properties of eugenol and zinc oxide-eugenol. A clinically oriented review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992;73(6):729-37.

Desai S, Chandler N. Calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers: a review. J Endod 2009;35(4):475-80. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.11.026.

Buck RA. Glass ionomer endodontic sealers – a literature review. Gen Dent 2002;50(4):365-8.

Kim YK, Grandini S, Ames JM, Gu LS, Kim SK, Pashley DH, et al. Critical review on methacrylate resin-based root canal sealers. J Endod 2017;36(3):383-99. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.10.023.

Pawlicka H, Ebert J. Ocena szczelności wypełnień kanałowych za pomocą testu penetracji barwnika. Czas Stom 1997;52(2):71-4.

Pawlicka H. Wpływ różnych technik kondensacji bocznej na szczelność i homogenność materiałów wypełniających kanał. Stomatol Współcz 1995;2(5):406-9.

Loushine BA, Bryan TE, Looney SW, Gillen BM, Loushine RJ, Weller RN, et al. Setting properties and cytotoxicity evaluation of a premixed bioceramic root canal sealer. J Endod 2011;37(5):673-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.01.003.

Zhang W, Li Z, Peng B. Ex vivo cytotoxicity of a new calcium silicate-based canal filling material. Int Endod J 2010;43(9):769-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01733.x.

Zhou HM, Shen Y, Zheng W, Li L, Zheng YF, Haapasalo M. Physical properties of 5 root canal sealers. J Endod 2013;39(10):1281-86. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.06.012.

Silva Almeida LH, Moraes RR, Morgental RD, Pappen FG. Are premixed calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers comparable to conventional materials? A systematic review of in vitro studies. J Endod 2017;43(4):527-35. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.11.019.

Szczurko G, Pawińska M. Możliwości zastosowania aglomeratu trójtlenków mineralnych (MTA) do ostatecznego wypełnienia kanałów korzeniowych. Mag Stomatol 2013:23(7-8):103-6.

Al-Haddad A, Che Ab, Aziz ZA. Bioceramic-based root canal sealers: A review. Int J Biomater 2016;2016:9753210. doi: 10.1155/2016/9753210.

Tani-Ishii N, Hamada N, Watanabe K, Tujimoto Y, Teranaka T, Umemoto T. Expression of bone extracellular matrix proteins on osteoblast cells in the presence of mineral trioxide. J Endod 2007;33(7):836-9. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.02.003.

Ozdemir HO, Ozçelik B, Karabucak B, Cehreli ZC. Calcium ion diffusion from mineral trioxide aggregate through simulated root resorption defects. Dent Traumatol 2008;24(1):70-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2006.00512.x.

Gandolfi MG, Pagani S, Perut F, Ciapetti G, Baldini N, Mongiorgi R, et al. Innovative silicate-based cements for endodontics: a study of osteoblast-like cell response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008;87(2):477-86. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.31795.

Candeiro GT, Correia FC, Duarte MA, Ribeiro-Siqueira DC, Gavini G. Evaluation of radiopacity, pH, release of calcium ions, and flow of a bioceramic root canal sealer. J Endod 2012;38(6):842-5. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.02.029.

Silva EJ, Rosa TP, Herrera DR, Jacinto RC, Gomes BP, Zaia AA. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and physicochemical properties of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer MTA Fillapex. J Endod 2013;39(2):274-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.06.030.

Khalil I, Naaman A, Camilleri J. Properties of tricalcium silicate sealers. J Endod 2016;42(10):1529-35. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.06.002.

Zhang H, Shen Y, Ruse ND, Haapasalo M. Antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers by modified direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod 2009;35(7):1051-5. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.04.022.

Gandolfi MG, Siboni F, Prati C. Properties of a novel polysiloxane-guttapercha calcium silicate-bioglass-containing root canal sealer. Dent Mater 2016;32(5):113-26. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.001.

Marciano MA, Duarte MA, Camilleri J. Calcium silicate-based sealers: Assessment of physicochemical properties, porosity and hydration. Dent Mater. 2016;32(2):30-40. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.008.

Prüllage RK, Urban K, Schäfer E, Dammaschke T. Material properties of a tricalcium silicate-containing, a mineral trioxide aggregate-containing, and an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer. J Endod 2016;42(12):1784-8. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.018.

Massi S, Tanomaru-Filho M, Silva GF, Duarte MA, Grizzo LT, Buzalaf MA, et al. pH, calcium ion release, and setting time of an experimental mineral trioxide aggregate-based root canal sealer. J Endod 2011;37(6):844-6. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.02.033.

Huang TH, Kao CT. pH measurement of root canal sealers. J Endod 1998;24(4):236-8. doi: 10.1016/S0099-2399(98)80103-9.

Lee JK, Kwak SW, Ha JH, Lee W, Kim HC. Physicochemical properties of epoxy resin-based and bioceramic-based root canal sealers. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2017. doi: 10.1155/2017/2582849.

Poggio C, Dagna A, Ceci M, Meravini MV, Colombo M, Pietrocola G. Solubility and pH of bioceramic root canal sealers: A comparative study. J Clin Exp Dent 2017;9(10):1189-94. doi: 10.4317/jced.54040.

Faria-Júnior NB, Tanomaru-Filho M, Berbert FL, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Antibiofilm activity, pH and solubility of endodontic sealers. Int Endod J 2013;46(8):755-62. doi: 10.1111/iej.12055.

Morgental RD, Vier-Pelisser FV, Oliveira SD, Antunes FC, Cogo DM, Kopper PM. Antibacterial activity of two MTA-based root canal sealers. Int Endod J 2011;44(12):1128-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01931.x.

Pawińska M, Szczurko G, Kierklo A, Sidun J. A laboratory study evaluating the pH of various modern root canal filling materials. Adv Clin Exp Med 2017;26(3):387-92. doi: 10.17219/acem/60440.

Pezelj-Ribarić S, Brekalo I, Abram M, Dorić M, Miletić I, Karlović Z. Influence of calcium hydroxide root-canal sealer on microbial growth in vitro. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2002;47(4):458-60.

Mohammadi Z, Dummer PM. Properties and applications of calcium hydroxide in endodontics and dental traumatology. Int Endod J 2011;44(8):697-730. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01886.x.

Bhavana V, Chaitanya KP, Gandi P, Patil J, Dola B, Reddy RB. Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of new calcium-based cement (Biodentine) compared to MTA and glass ionomer cement. J Conserv Dent 2015;18(1):44-6. doi: 10.4103/0972-0707.148892.

Margunato S, Taşlı PN, Aydın S, Karapınar Kazandağ M, Şahin F. In vitro evaluation of ProRootMTA, Biodentine, and MM-MTA on human alveolar bone marrow stem cells in terms of biocompatibility and mineralization. J Endod 2015;41(10):1646-52. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.05.012.

Li X, De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Pedano M, Chen Z, Van Meerbeek B. How effectively do hydraulic calcium-silicate cements re-mineralize demineralized dentin. Dent Mater 2017;33(4):434-45. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.01.015.

Bueno CR, Valentim D, Marques VA, Gomes-Filho JE, Cintra LT, Jacinto RC, et al. Biocompatibility and biomineralization assessment of bioceramic-, epoxy-, and calcium hydroxide-based sealers. Braz Oral Res 2016;14;30(1). doi: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0081.

Zhang W, Li Z, Peng B. Effects of iRoot SP on mineralization-related genes expression in MG63 cells. J Endod 2010;36(12):1978-82. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.08.038.

Bryan TE, Khechen K, Brackett MG, Messer RL, El-Awady A, Primus CM, et al. In vitro osteogenic potential of an experimental calcium silicate-based root canal sealer. J Endod 2010;36(7):1163-9. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.03.034.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21164/pomjlifesci.485

Copyright (c) 2018 Przemysław Reszka, Łukasz Kucharski, Adam Klimowicz, Mariusz Lipski

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/pl/