The evaluation of the antioxidant properties of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves after the end of the growing season

Anna Nowak, Joanna Zielonka-Brzezicka, Danuta Pechaiko, Magdalena Tkacz, Adam Klimowicz

Abstract


Introduction: Ginkgo biloba L. is considered to be a valuable plant which exhibits antiradical activity, attributed to the content of polyphenols, terpenoids, vitamins, and other active substances. The leaf extracts are used for therapeutic purposes, commonly in the prevention of lifestyle diseases.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the alcohol extracts of ginkgo biloba dried leaves, fallen from trees, after the end of the growing season, which usually constitute waste material.

Materials and methods: Raw plant material consisted of freshly harvested and dried leaves of ginkgo biloba. The extracts for analysis were prepared using a Soxhlet apparatus, a rotary shaker, as well as an ultrasonic bath. Methanol and ethanol were used as extraction solvents. Antioxidant activity (radical scavenging acti­vity – RSA%) was determined by the DPPH method, while the total polyphenol content was measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method.

Results: The antioxidant activity of dried ginkgo leaf extracts ranged from 37.69 ±1.97 to 92.85 ±0.28%. The highest values 

were found in 40% (v/v) ethanol extracts. Among the 70% (v/v) ethanolic extracts, the highest values of RSA were observed in the leaves extracted with a shaker (92.37 ±0.84%), whereas using 96% (v/v) ethanol as the solvent – extracts were received in the Soxhlet apparatus (81.71 ±2.10%). The antioxidant potential of methanol extracts was also high, reaching the value of 89.25 ±0.54% for those obtained by using the shaker. The highest total phenolic content, of about 9.15 mg/g of material, was observed in samples extracted with 40% (v/v) ethanol in the Soxhlet apparatus. A positive correlation between the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of the analyzed samples was also demonstrated.

Conclusions: Extracts of ginkgo biloba yellow leaves, collected after the end of the growing season, showed a high capability to scavenge free radicals, which suggests the possibility of using this waste material as a valuable source of antioxidants.


Keywords


ginkgo biloba; antioxidants; DPPH method; Folin–Ciocalteu method; polyphenols

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21164/pomjlifesci.222

Copyright (c) 2017 Anna Nowak

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